We propose and test a frameworkwhich suggests that the relationships between leadership styles and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB) are contingent upon employee cultural-based individual differences. More specifically we examine whether followers' idiocentrism and allocentrism moderate the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership and followers' OCB. Survey data collected from a sample of school teachers and their principals from the Israeli kibbutzim and urban sectors support our hypotheses. We found the relationship between transformational leadership and OCB to be positive to the extent that allocentrism increases and negative to the extent that idiocentrism increases. We also found the relationship between transactional leadership and OCB to be positive to the extent that idiocentrismincreases
and negative to the extent that allocentrism increases. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.